Art of forming leases



Oct. 19, 1937. N. BERNHART 2,096,446

ART OF FORMING LEASES Filed Sept 24. 1935 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR Ma io/106M Fawn/500 a,

Y 1 3MB ATT'ORNEY.

Oct. 19, 1937. N. BERNHART ART OF FORMING LEASES Filed Sept. 24, 1935 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR, 4410260160? fiwwlar i,

ATTORNEY.

N. BERNHART ART OF FORMING LEASES Filed Sept. 24, 193s c ay.

Oct. l9, 1937.

- Patented Oct. 19, 1937 I UNITED STATES PATEN OFFICE I 2,096, 1 161 ART OF FORMING'LEASES Nicholas Bernhart, College Point, N. Y., assignor to Warp Twisting-In Machine Company, Brooklyn, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application September 24,1935, Serial No. 41,853

6 Claims.

Thisinvention relates to the art of forming warp-leases and particularly to the forming of leases in the case where the final or completed warp is composed of a number of warps or warp sections which when the leasing is done stand in superposed relation to each other, allconverging from superposed supports to form, by merging together in a single plane, the completed warp.

I-Ieretofore'to form the lease ahook-reed has been used of the kind-whose dents have hooks all projecting in one direction from them short of the neighboring dents. The spaces between the hooks and .the neighboring dents are of course present to permit the reed, after drawing down :the'selected threads to form a shed to be maintained by a lease-cord or the like, to clear as .it

rises the remaining threads preparatory to the next downward movement of the reed. to draw down; the latter threads in' the forming of the second shed followed by entry of a lease-cord thereto.- Of course the capacity of the reed is reduced by just soimuch as the sum of these spaces. Again, a reed of this type may be .used to form a true lease (i. e., 'inwhichthe threads are equally divided) only where there is an even number of the component warps or warp sec tions superposed; if there is an odd number one of the warp sheets at the lease will contain more threads thanthe 'otherfor instance, where there are three banks of component warps or sections one sheet would be formed with twice the number of threadsof the other. r

The principal objects of, this invention are to overcome these 'faults characterizing the hook reed. 1

In the drawings,

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of apparatus which may be used in the performance of the invention;

' a Fig. 2 is a sectional view in a vertical plane say immediately to the left of the mechanismcarried by the upright 8;

- ,Fig.-3 is a plan of said mechanism; .Fig. i ls an elevation, viewed from the left in Fig. 1, of fragments of the segregator and itscontrolling slide, the slide being down and'the Segre-1 'gator in its upper position and the view showing the threads in section and by dotted lines the paths which the segregatorteeth follow when the segregator descends with the slide in said posiin thisposition; V V

Fig. 6 is a similar elevation showing the positions of -the threads relatively to the segregator whenit has descended;

grammatically the beam 3, bar I, the segregatorand the threads in the depressed position of the segregator, a shed being formed to receive the first lease-cord;

Fig. 8 shows in side elevation, diagrammatically, the bar I and the threads with said lease-cord in position and upon the ensuing rise of the segregator;

Fig. 9 is a similar View but showing the lease completed, i. e., with the second lease-cord also in position;

Fig. 10 is a front elevation of a modified form of the segregator; and

Figs. 11 and 12 are. diagrammatic views illustrating the invention essentially and with respect to the method involved.

Suppose, for example, there are two banks or tiersof threads of equal number and in some way substantially equally spaced. There is a segregator which is movable through the planes of the banks and has spaced teeth projecting toward them and of a number one-half that of the threads in each bank, the teeth, considered successively, being respectively active on the pairs '(also considered successively) of threads. To form the first shed the segregator is moved through the planes of the banks in such manner that; each tooth displaces with itself one (as left or right) of the threads of the pair to which it is devoted in the upper bank and then the relatively opposite thread'of the pair to which it is devoted in the lower bank, the resulting shed formed as between the threads thus displaced and the remaining ones (of equal number to those displaced) being maintained by a lease-cord or equivalent separating device. The segregator is then returned and the operation repeated but on the now ensuing movement of the segregator through the planes of the banks each tooth thereof is made to displace in the two banks the threads it missed before, the resulting shed formed as between the sheet of threads last displaced and those first displaced being maintained by a leasecord, completing the lease. If there are more than two banks the operation continues in the a same way, the segregator moving zig-zag through the planes of the banks; and, whether the number of'the banks is even or'odd, a true lease will be .formed. Referring now to the apparatus showni 'It will be convenient, though not necessarily indispensable, to arrange the threads 11 of the warp in converging banks, those in each bank being as nearly as possible all in the same plane, which arrangement may be maintained thus: Supporting structure, as I, carries two beams 2 and 3 on which the threads may be wound and whichmaintain them normally taut, the beams being held against rotation in any way, as by pins 4. From beam 2 the whole complement of threads is shown extending under a bar 5, then bank for bank over respective bars 6 and finally over a bar I which coacts with bars 6 to maintain the banks in the state of convergence-Fig. 1. The banks are as nearly as'possible equally spaced, as are the threads in each bank or transversely; all the banks here have exactly the same number of threads and they are arranged squarely one above another or so that a thread of any given number across a bank will be in the same vertical plane as threads of the same number in the other banks. It will be understood that usually in practice there will be several beams 2, one for each bank, where the complete warp (wound on beam 3) is composed of several component warps respectively forming the banks; also that the convergence, as stated not indispensable to the performance of the invention, is merely an incident of the bringing together as usual on a single beam 3 of such component warps or banks.

Between the two beams the supporting structure includes an arch-like upright 8 through whose opening 8a. the threads extend, and their mentioned lateral spacing is maintained by a reed 9 secured to one face of this upright and having its dents standing vertically.

In a vertical guideway afforded by the upright (as between two ribs 8b= thereof spanned by a bridge-plate 8c) is movable the stem of a plunger in the form of a cross-head 10, II being a lever for moving it down and back which is pivoted to the upright and suitably connected, at Ha, with the plunger stem. The plunger carries a comblike thread segregator or comb formed and controlled as follows:

From a horizontally elongated back or block I2 depend a series. of equal-width teeth. l3, the series being flanked at both sides by depending webs I30; and the teeth and webs being all separated by equal-width slots 14. The number of teeth should be such that there will be at least one for every two threads in each bank, for the successive teeth are to operate, as will appear, on the respective successive pairs of threads in each bank, each acting on one descent of the segregator on only one of the threads of the corresponding pair in each bank and on the next descent on the other thread. In the example every reed space is occupied by a thread of each bank and, there being 24 such spaces, there are twelve teeth. Each tooth has its lower end desirably tapered and it has a notch l3ac. The segregator is suspended from the cross-head by screws l5 penetrating slots It in the cross-head, permitting the segregator to reciprocate transversely relatively to the cross-head.

On opposite sides of opening 80, of the upright are a pad I! and a controller in the form of a slide i8, and between-them and depending arms I9 affixed to the upright the plunger and segregator are movable. When the segregator is depressed the slide, as will appear, causes its transverse reciprocation; the pad is present simply to space the segregator from the upright the same as does the slide. The segregator has a rear stud 20 formed here square with a diagonal thereof vertical. This isengaged with a zig-zag way (here a groove) 2| of a thickned-up portion of the slide which in the example is formed as follows: it comprises a series of equal-length secitons or portions which from center to center in the vertical direction are spaced the same as the thread-banks, the alternates 2l'a being offset transversely with respect to the remainder 2| b the same as the reed spaces (or the threads in each bank transversely) are spaced and the sections of one set being joined with those of the other by oblique sections Zlc. The arrangement is in short suchthat whenthe segregator is depressed the engagement of "the'stud ZiYwith the groove produces the transverse reciprocation of the segregator, its movement in each direction being equal to the spacing of the threads and such movement occurring at intervals equal to the spacing of the thread-banks in substantially the plane of the segregator.

However, the slide is itself capable of movement up and down a distance equal to the spacing of the thread-banks, as by a lever 22 pivoted to the upright at 23 and connected at 22a with a suitable thickening rib l8b of the slide, whose movement is limited by vertical, slots [80. therein re ceiving studs 24 on theuprightand having a length equal to the spacing of the thread-banks.

If the segregator be moved down while the slide (as by lever .22) is held down (position of Fig. 2 or l) the teeth l3 will follow the zig-Zag paths b in Fig. 4, receiving in their notches and depressing one-half of the threads, i. e;, the oddnumbered threads in the odd-numberedbanks and the even-numbered threads in the evennumbered banks, the remaining half of the threads being permitted to enter theslots l4. see Fig. 6. If the segregator 'bemoved'down while the slide is held up (Fig. 5). theteeth M will now follow the paths b, receivingpin their notches and depressing one-half ofthe threads, i. e., the even-numbered threads .in the oddnumbered banks and the odd-numbered. threads in the even-numbered banks, the remaining half depressed by the teeth will, between the segregator and bar I, assume a plane, as atc; and

if, as is preferred, the segregator is depressed sufficiently so that the block l2 engages all the threads which enter the slots l4, these threads will assume the plane (1 between the segregator and bar 1. Thus a shed (Fig. 7) will exist through which a lease-cord may be passed to maintain it.

The operation of forming a lease is as follows:

The slide being held at one of its limits the segregator is depressed to form a shed (one-half of the threads assuming the plane'c and the other half being preferably made to assume the plane d), a lease-cord e is entered through the shed and shifted forward of bar 1, whereupon the segregator is elevated permitting all the threads to re-assume substantially the state shown by Figs. 1 and 2 and see Fig. 8. The slide being shifted to and held at its other limit the segregator is again depressed to form a shed L (the two halves of the entire thread complement being now in reversed positions with respect to the planes 0 and d), another lease-cord f is entered into this shed, which may be shifted past the bar I, and the lease results. Upon. elevating the segregator the leased warp may be withdrawn from the reed.

The invention may be thusanalyzed: Suppose there are only two banks of threads.

Each two pairs of threads to which any tooth I3 appertains (one pair in the upper and the other in the lower bank) undergoes this treat- -ment (Fig. 11): Athread of the one hand or class (left or right) in one pair and a thread of the opposite hand or class in the other pair (as the threads joined by the dotted line a or a2) are first bentto form with the remaining threads a shed (Fig. 7) and a shed-preserving device, as e, is introduced into this shed, and

then, while the shed is so preserved, the two of the threads forming one side of the shed (as its 'top side) are bent past the other pair of threads threads to form a shed and a shed-preserving device introduced, and then, while the shed is so preserved, the remaining threads are bent past the first-named'threads and a shed-preserving device introduced.

'I claim the method thus involved, not limiting "myself to the particular apparatus so far de- 'manual operation and also without the use of a reed as 9, one might in fact form a true lease.

This segregator has top and bottom bars 25,

' dents 26 and 21, alternating with each other and connecting the bars, and short dents 28 depending from the top bar one each side of a dent 21 and connected by cross-pieces 29 short of the lower ends of the dents 28. With this segregator a reed (as 9) as an independent element is unnecessary since the dents 2B and 21 isolate the Vertical rows of threads from each other. Each pair of dents2'1 taken with the cross-bar positioned as stated presents in effect a tooth with a notched lower end, or in efi'ect like each tooth l3; The warp being threaded through this segregator in the manner shown, it may be first made to descend as per one of the dotted zig-zag lines in Fig. 12, for instance, thus depressing certain threads as in that figure to form a shed, and with this shed now preserved and upon the return of the segregator, it may next be made to descend as per the other of said dotted zig-zag lines, thus depressing the remaining threads in I the completingof the lease.

, While my principal object has been concerned with the forming of a lease in a banked Warp it incidentally includes the forming of a shed in such a warp, as will be apparent. And in that regard I believe it is: new in this art, having a pluribanked warp, to bend past the remaining threads the threads of one class in one bank and then the ,I claim is:

1. The method of forming a lease in a group of four threads stretched in the same general direction and arranged in superposed pairs which consists in successively engaging and bending a thread of the one class in one pair and a thread of the other class in the other pair to form with the remaining threads a shed and introducing a shed-preserving device into said shed, and then, while said device preserves said shed, bending the two of the threads forming one side of the shed past the other two threads to form another shed and introducing a shed-preserving device into the latter shed.

2. The method of forming a lease in a group of more than four threads stretched in the same general direction and arranged so as in the crosssection of the group to present two side-by-side rows which consists in successively engaging and bending the threads of one class in one row and the threads of the other class in the other row past the remaining threads to form a shed and introducing a shed-preserving device into said shed, and then, Whilesaid device preserves said shed, bending the remaining threads past the first-named threads to form another shed and introducing a shed-preserving device into the latter shed.

3. The method of forming a shed in a Warp comprising two superposed banks each of more than two threads stretched in the same general direction which consists in bending the threads of one class in one bank and then the threads of the other class in the other bank to form a shed with the remaining threads.

4. The method of forming a lease in a group of four threads stretched in the same general direction and arranged in superposed pairs which consists in successively engaging and bending a thread of the one class in one pair and a thread of the other class in the other pair to form with the remaining threads a shed and introducing a shed-preserving device into said shed, and then, while said device preserves said shed, bending the remaining threads past the first-named threads to form another shed and introducing a shedpreserving device into the latter shed.

5. The method of forming a lease in a group of more than four threads stretched in the same general direction and arranged so as in the crosssection of the group to present two side-by-side rows which consists in successively engaging and bending the threads of one class in one row and the threads of the other class in the other row past the remaining threads to form a shed and introducing a shed-preserving device into said shed, and then, while said device preserves said shed, bending the threads forming one side of the shed past the other threads to form another shedand introducing a shed-preserving device into the latter shed.

6. The method of forming a shed in a warp including more than two superposed banks each of more than two threads stretched in the same general direction which consists in bending those threads in each odd-numbered bank which exist as threads of the one class and those threads in each even-numbered bank which exist as threads of the other class to form a shed with the remaining threads.

NICHOLAS BERNHART. 

